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Verb Conjugation

Imperfect Verbs

m = masculine, f = feminine

x = mixed gender (group), c = common gender

Prefixes

person gender	number	form	sound	example	construction
3m	singular	יִ◌	yi-	He will	yod hiriq
3x	plural	יִ◌	yi-	They(m/x) will	yod hiriq
3f & 2c	any	תִּ◌	ti-	She, You, Y'all or They(f) will	tav hiriq
1c	singular	אֶ◌	’e-	I will	alef segol
1c	plural	נִ◌	ni-	We will *	nun hiriq

* Watch out for ni- נִ◌ as it can also begin a Niphal Perfect verb! You'll see perfect conjugation suffixes at the end in this case.

Suffixes

person gender	number	form	sound	example	construction
3&2 m/x	plural	◌וּ	-u	They(m/x) will, Y'all(m/x) will	shuruq
3&2 f	plural	◌נָה	-nah	They(f) will, Y'all(f) will	nun qamats heh
2f only	singular	◌◌ִי	-iy	You(f) will	hiriq yod

Qal Imperfect Verbs

R = Root (◌◌◌)

P	masc. singular		masc. or mixed plural		fem. plural		fem. singular
3	יִ◌◌◌	yi-R	יִ◌◌◌וּ	yi-R-u	תִּ◌◌◌נָה	ti-R-nah	תִּ◌◌◌	ti-R
2	תִּ◌◌◌	ti-R	תִּ◌◌◌וּ	ti-R-u	תִּ◌◌◌נָה	ti-R-nah	תִּ◌◌◌◌ִי	ti-R-iy
1	אֶ◌◌◌	’e-R	נִ◌◌◌	ni-R	נִ◌◌◌	ni-R	אֶ◌◌◌	’e-R

Qal Perfect Verbs

s = singular, p = plural, m = masculine, f = feminine, c = common gender, x = mixed gender

Letter	Construction	Meaning		Letter	Construction	Meaning
-	base form	3ms: He did.	3m
◌◌ָה	qamats heh	3fs: She did.	3f/3c	◌וּ	shuruq	3cp: They did.

◌תָּ	tav qamats	2ms: You(m) did.	2m	◌תֶּם	tav segol mem	2mp: Y'all(m/x) did.
◌תְּ	tav	2fs: You(f) did.	2f	◌תֶּן	tav segol nun	2fp: Y'all(f) did.

◌תִּי	tav yod	1s: I did.	1c	◌נוּ	nun vav	1p: We did.

The Qal pattern can be identified by: The first two letters of the root have qamats and patah. With two exceptions: 3fs: “she did” - The first two letters of the root have qamats and shewa. 2cp: “y'all did” - The first two letters of the root have vocal shewa and patach.

Other Perfect Verb Patterns

Pattern	Sign	Meaning	Example
Qal (Pa'al)	pattern described above	Active; simple	(subj) wrote
Niphal	prefix is nun hiriq, first radical has silent shewa	Passive; simple	it was written
Hiphil	prefix is heh hiriq, first radical has silent shewa	Active; causative	(subj) dictated
Hophal	prefix is heh qamatz, first radical has silent shewa	Passive; causative	it was dictated
Piel	first radical has hiriq	Active; intensive	(subj) engraved
Pual	first radical has shuruq	Passive; intensive	it was engraved
Hithpael	prefix is heh hiriq thav silent shewa, first radical has patach	Reflexive	corresponded

Reading Hebrew

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