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Transliteration

Simplified Tables

Vowel Markings

וּ	בֻ	בֹ	בָ	בֳ	בְ (nakh)	בְ (na)	בֲ	בַ	בָ	בֱ	בֶ	בֵ	בִ
u oo	u oo	o	o	au-	• '	' a- ǝ ᵉ	' a- ǝ ᵉ	a	a au	e-	e	ei	i ee

Consonants

Note: There is no such thing as upper or lowercase in Hebrew, but options are given here so the transliterated text may employ this feature to mark proper names, or to distinguish or emphasize words.

Basic Forms Only

ל	כּךּ	י	ט	ח	ז	ו	ה	דּ	גּ	בּ	א
L	K	Y	Ŧ @	Kh Ḥ	Z	V W	H	D	G	B	A ’ '	upper
l	k	y	ŧ	kh ḥ	z	v w	-h	d	g	b	––	lower
	תּ	שֹ	שׁ	ר	ק	צץ	פּףּ	ע	ס	נן	מם
	T Th	S	Sh	R	Q	Tz Ts Ç	P F	E ‘ `	Ṣ $	N	M	upper
	t th	s	sh	r	q	tz ts ç	p f	––	ṣ	n	m	lower

All Forms

כך	כּךּ	י	ט	ח	ז	ו	ה	ד	דּ	ג	גּ	ב	בּ	א
Kh X Ḥ	K	Y	Ŧ @	Ħ Ḥ	Z	V W	H	Dh Ð	D	Gh	G	v	B	’ '	upper
kh x ḥ	k	y	ŧ	ħ ḥ	z	v w	-h	dh ð	d	gh	g	V	b		lower
==	kk	yy	ŧŧ #	––	zz	vv / ww	––	==	dd	==	gg	==	bb	––	double
תּ	תּ	שֹ	שׁ	ר	רּ	ק	צץ	פף	פּףּ	ע	ס	נן	מם	ל
Th Þ	T	S	Sh	R	R`	Q	Tz Ç	F	P	‘ `	Ṣ $	N	M	L	upper
th þ	t	s	sh	r	r`	q	tz ç	f	p		ṣ	n	m	l	lower
==	tt	ss	shsh	rr	rr`	qq	tztz çç	==	pp	––	ṣṣ	nn	mm	ll	double

Tables in Full Detail

Vowels

Refer to: https://www.ipachart.com/

vowels	write as	sound with Vet	ipa	sound	name	class	type
בְ	•/-	—		stop at end of closed syllable	silent shewa / shewa nakh	not a vowel	—

בִ	i / ee	Vee	/i/	e as in lemur	hiriq	short	i
בֵ	ei	Vey	/e/	a as in lay	tsere	long	e
בֶ	e	Veh	/ɛ/	e as in bed	sehgol	short	e
בֱ	e-	Veh'	/ə/	e as in metallic	hataf seghol	reduced	e

בָ	au / a	Vau / Va	/ɵ/	o as in commit	qamatz	long	a
בַ	a	Vaw	/ɐ/ or /ɜ/	a as in father	pataħ	short	a
בֲ	a- ᵉ '	Vuh' (shortest)	/ə/	u as in upon	ħataf pataħ	reduced	a

בְ	a- ᵉ '	Vuh' (shortest)	/ə/	u as in upon	vocal shewa	short

בֳ	au-	Vaw' (short)	/ɐ/	au as in bauble	ħataf qamatz	reduced	o
בָ	o	Voh	/o/	o as in token	qamatz ħatuf	short	o
בֹ / וֹ	o	Voh	/o/	o as in token	holam / holam vav	long	o
בֻ	u / oo	Voo	/u/	oo as in hoot	qubbutz	short	u
וּ	u / oo	Voo	/u/	oo as in hoot	shuruq	long	u

Consonants

Refer to: https://www.ipachart.com/

consonants	write / altern. (upper lower)	write doubled	simple (sound only)	IPA Chart	sound note	others
א	A a / ’	—	—	/ʔ/	glottal stop	E
בּ	B b	bb	b	/b/	voiced labial plosive
ב	v V / Bh bh	==	v	/v/	voiced labiodental fricative
גּ	G g	gg	g	/g/	voiced velar plosive
ג	Gh gh	==	g	/g/ /ɹ/ or /ʒ/	anciently: rhotic r or voiced post-alveolar fricative (as in leige)
דּ	D d	dd	d	/d/	voiced alveolar plosive
ד	Dh dh / Ð ð	==	d / th	/ð/	voiced dental fricative
ה	H / -h	—	h	/h/	voiceless glottal fricative
ו	V v / W w	vv / ww	v	/v/	voiced labiodental fricative
ז	Z z	zz	z	/z/	voiced alveolar fricative
ח	Ħ ħ / Ḥ ḥ	—	ḥ / kh	/ħ/	pharyngeal fricative, “hot breath”	ch
ט	Ŧ ŧ / @	ŧŧ #	t	-/t/	voiced dental plosive
י	Y y	yy	y	/j/	palatal approximate
כּךּ	K k	kk	k	/k/	voiceless velar plosive
כך	Kh kh / X x / Ḥ ḥ	==	k / kh	/χ/	voiceless uvular fricative
ל	L l	ll	l	/ɭ/	retroflex lateral approximate
מם	M m	mm	m	/m/	voiced bilabial nasal
נן	N n	nn	n	/n/	voiced alveolar nasal
ס	Ṣ ṣ / $	ṣṣ / $$	s	/s/	voiceless alveolar fricative
ע	E / ‘	—	e / '	/ʔ/ or /ʕ/	glottal stop, back
פּףּ	P p	pp	p	/p/	voiceless bilabial plosive
פף	Ph ph / F f	==	f / ph	/f/	voiceless labial fricative
צץ	Tz tz / Ç ç	tztz / çç	ts	/t͡s/	voiceless alveolar affricate
ק	Q q	qq	q / k	+/k/	voiceless pharyngeal plosive
ר	R r	rr	r	/r/ or /ɾ/	trilled/tapped r
שׁ	Sh sh	shsh	sh	/ʃ/	voiceless post-alveolar sibalant
ֹש	S s	ss	s	/s/	voiceless alveolar sibilant
תּ	T t	tt	t	/t/	voiceless dental plosive
ת	Th / þ	==	t / th / s	/θ/ or /s/	voiceless dental fricative

Reading Hebrew

Table of Contents

Transliteration

Simplified Tables

Vowel Markings

Consonants

Basic Forms Only

All Forms

Tables in Full Detail

Vowels

Consonants