Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- niqqud [2024/10/27 02:54] – jeffd
+++ niqqud [2024/10/27 08:12] (current) – [O-Vowels] jeffd
@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 I use a memory device like:  There's a s**i**ngle dot on an i, **e**ggs in a carton, dr**a**w the line, **o**ver o, and **oo** under u.
-\\\
------
+===== Shortest (or No) Vowel =====
-<WRAP right box centeralign round 50%>
+<WRAP center box centeralign round 50%>
 <wrap big :he>בְ</wrap>
 </WRAP>
-===== Shortest (or No) Vowel =====
 This is called the **shewa** and //when it makes a sound//, it is a **shewa na** and sounds like the "u" in upon.
@@ Line 28: / Line 25: @@
 ===== I-Vowels =====
-==== Short ====
+**Short:**  This is called the **[[ħiriq]]** and it makes a sound like the "ee" in seed.
-This is called the **[[ħiriq]]** and it makes a sound like the "ee" in seed.
 It can also be followed by a [[yod]] which is present as a [[matres lectionis|matre lectionis]].
@@ Line 44: / Line 39: @@
 ===== E-Vowels =====
-==== Short ====
+**Short:**  The three dots arranged like a grape bunch are called **[[segol]]** and sound like the "e" in red.
-The three dots arranged like a grape bunch are called **[[segol]]** and sound like the "e" in red.
+**Reduced:**  The five dots, a segol with a shewa next to it, are called **hataf segol** and sound like the "e" in metallic, and only normally occurs on [[gutturals|guttural letters]] or [[yod]].
-==== Reduced ====
+**Long:**  The two dots side-by-side are called **[[tsere]]** and sounds like the "ey" in grey.
-The five dots, a segol with a shewa next to it, are called **hataf segol** and sound like the "e" in metallic, and only normally occurs on [[gutturals|guttural letters]] or [[yod]].
-==== Long ====
-The two dots side-by-side are called **[[tsere]]** and sounds like the "ey" in grey.
 It can also be followed by a [[yod]] which is present as a [[matres lectionis|matre lectionis]].
@@ Line 62: / Line 51: @@
 <WRAP right box centeralign round 50%>
-<wrap big :he>אֲ בַ בַא בַה
+<wrap big :he>אֲ בַ בַא בַה</wrap>
-בָ בָא בָה</wrap>
 </WRAP>
 ===== A-Vowels =====
-==== Short ====
+**Short:**  The horizontal line is called **[[pataħ]]**, and sounds like the "a" in lather.
-The horizontal line is called **[[pataħ]]**, and sounds like the "a" in lather.
+It may be followed by either an [[alef]] (anywhere) or a [[heh]] (end of the word only) where it is acting as [[matres lectionis]].
-==== Reduced ====
+**Reduced:**  The pataħ with a shewa next to it is called a **ħataf pataħ** and is usually found on [[gutturals||guttural letters]].  It makes the same ""a" sound.
-The pataħ with a shewa next to it is called a **ħataf pataħ** and is usually found on [[gutturals||guttural letters]].  It makes the same ""a" sound.
+\\\
-==== Long ====
+-----
-The line with a teardrop under it or "T" shape is called a **[[qamatz]]** and usually sounds like the "a" in father.
+<WRAP right box centeralign round 50%>
+<wrap big :he>בָ בָא בָה
+\\
+אֳ בׇ</wrap>
+</WRAP>
-Either of these vowels may be followed by either an [[alef]] (anywhere) or a [[heh]] (end of the word only) where they are acting as [[matres lectionis]].
+===== Qamatz (A-Type/O-Type) =====
-\\\
+**Long A-Type:**  The line with a teardrop under it or "T" shape is called a **[[qamatz]]** and usually sounds like the "a" in father.
------
+The [[qamatz]] may be followed by either an [[alef]] (anywhere) or a [[heh]] (end of the word only) where it is acting as [[matres lectionis]].
-<WRAP right box centeralign round 50%>
+**Short O-Type:**  The [[qamatz ħatuf]], which usually looks identical to the A-Type qamatz, but can be differentiated based upon context, make an "o" sound as in token.
-<wrap big :he>אֳ בׇ בֹ בוֹ</wrap>
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+If you're just beginning to learn, don't worry about telling the different **qamatz** apart from each other.  Most of the time it's an "a" as in father, and you can simply learn the exceptions as you go.
 </WRAP>
-===== O-Vowels =====
-==== Short ====
+**Reduced O-Type:**  The line with a teardrop or "T" shape with a shewa next to it is called **hataf qamatz**, and makes an "au" sound as in bauble.  It usually appears under gutturals, but can occasionally appear under other letters.
-The dot **o**ver the left side of the letter is called **holam**, and makes the sound of an "o" as in "code."
+\\\
-==== Long ====
+-----
-The dot over the vav is a [[matres lectionis|matre lectionis]] called a **holam vav**, and makes the same sound.
+<WRAP right box centeralign round 50%>
+<wrap big :he>בֹ בוֹ</wrap>
+</WRAP>
-==== Short ====
+===== O-Vowels =====
-The [[qamatz ħatuf]] make an "o" sound as in token.
+**Short:**  The dot **o**ver the left side of the letter is called **[[holam haser]]**, and makes the sound of an "o" as in "code."
-==== Reduced ====
+**Long:**  The dot over the vav is a [[matres lectionis|matre lectionis]] called a **[[holam vav]]**, and makes the same sound.
-The line with a teardrop or "T" shape with a shewa next to it is called **hataf qamatz**, and makes an "au" sound as in bauble.  It usually appears under gutturals, but can occasionally appear under other letters.
 \\\
@@ Line 119: / Line 111: @@
 ===== U-Vowels =====
-==== Short ====
+**Short:**  The three diagonal dots are called **[[qubbutz]]** and sound like the "u" in rude.
-The three diagonal dots are called **qubbutz** and sound like the "u" in rude.
-==== Long ====
-The vav with a dot in the middle is another [[matres lectionis|matre lectionis]] called **shuruq** and makes the same "u" sound.  Remember, a dot over the vav's head is oh,  "**o**ver", but a dot in its middle, like it has been punched in the gut makes the "**oo**f" sound.
+**Long:**  The vav with a dot in the middle is another [[matres lectionis|matre lectionis]] called **[[shuruq]]** and makes the same "u" sound.  Remember, a dot over the vav's head is oh,  "**o**ver", but a dot in its middle, like it has been punched in the gut makes the "**oo**f" sound.