http://zebby.org/hebrew/ 2026-04-16T03:53:36+00:00 http://zebby.org/hebrew/ http://zebby.org/hebrew/_media/logo.png text/html 2024-11-22T17:35:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/adjectives?rev=1732296911&do=diff Adjectives Always agree in the number, gender and definiteness of the noun they describe. Gender & Number Markers Adjectives use the following markers to indicate their gender and number. They are the same as the noun markers, except in cases where the text/html 2024-10-27T08:40:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/alef?rev=1730018407&do=diff betletters א Alef Classification: formative, guttural, mater lectionis Sequence: 1 / Value: 1 Pictograph: The Ox / Bull / Living Animal Also seen as: Aleph, Alif. Learned: Lesson 2 Name: אָלֶף‎ Alef normally represents a glottal stop, like the gap in the English word “ut-oh”, and is essentially a silent letter. Like all Hebrew consonants, it can carry a vowel with it. For this reason, it is often used as a placeholder consonant at the beginning of words that otherwise start with … text/html 2024-10-28T06:54:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/all_flashcards?rev=1730098494&do=diff All Flash Cards Spelling Rules Certain consonants that are inserted into spellings to suggest a vowel sound are called... matres lectionis (mothers of reading) Next Card (might need to click again) text/html 2024-10-25T21:22:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/alveolar?rev=1729891328&do=diff Alveolar See: placement nun zeyin samek tsadi resh (often) lamed (sometimes) dalet (with dagesh) tav (with dagesh) tet (modern) text/html 2024-10-25T19:14:12+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/approximant?rev=1729883652&do=diff Approximant Between fricative and vowels. This includes: * yod * vav (as “w” or “u” sound) text/html 2024-10-25T22:46:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/aspirated?rev=1729896392&do=diff Aspirated Letters alef, mother of the aspirated letters The weak forms of the double letters: * bet as /v/ * gimel as uncertain gh sound * dalet as /ð/ * kaf as /χ/ * peh as /f/ * resh as rhotic (non-trilled R) * tav as /θ/ text/html 2024-10-27T08:41:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/bet?rev=1730018470&do=diff gimellettersalef בּ Bet / Vet Classification: formative, double Sequence: 2 / Value: 2 Pictograph: The House, Floorplan, Bed Also seen as: Beth or Beh. Learned: Lesson 2 Name: בֵּית‎ / בֵית‎ ---------- voiced, bilabial, plosive (with dagesh), fricative (without dagesh), text/html 2024-10-25T18:52:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/bilabial?rev=1729882355&do=diff Bilabial See: placement bet text/html 2024-10-22T02:59:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/bump?rev=1729565996&do=diff BuMP Rule When vav (conjunctive prefix) comes before bet, mem, or peh, it is pronounced like a shuruq. text/html 2024-10-23T08:55:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/compensatory_lengthening?rev=1729673719&do=diff Compensatory Lengthening When the rules of grammar would indicate that one of these letters would normally take a dagesh forte, they reject the dagesh forte and cause compensatory lengthening of the vowel in the preceding syllable instead. For instance, the word for the earth or ground, text/html 2024-10-23T09:05:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/dagesh_forte?rev=1729674335&do=diff Dagesh Forte The Strong (Doubling) Dagesh See Types of Dagesh. בּגּדּזּטּיּכּלּמּ נּסּפּצּקּרּשּתּ In Non-Guttural Letters The Dagesh Ḥazaq (Hebrew), “Strong Dagesh”, “Doubling Dagesh”, or Dagesh Forte (Latin, more commonly used in grammars) is used to indicate doubling (gemination) of a consonant, which also means that it form the ending of a closed syllable with the preceding consonant and vowel, in addition to acting as the beginning a new syllable.… text/html 2024-10-23T09:04:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/dagesh_lene?rev=1729674284&do=diff Dagesh Lene The Weak Dagesh See Types of Dagesh. בּגּדּכּפּרּתּ In the Double Letters (BeGaD KiPoReT) Dagesh Qal (the Hebrew term), the “Weak Dagesh”, or Dagesh Lene (the Latin term, more common in grammars) is a dot that appears within one of the BGD KPRT consonants to indicate the harder (plosive) form of the text/html 2024-10-24T05:58:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/dagesh?rev=1729749528&do=diff Dagesh a dot placed in the middle of a letter Introduced in Lesson 4 Two “Types” of Dagesh * See Dagesh Lene - Weak Dagesh, only in the Double Letters (BGDKPRT). * See Dagesh Forte - Strong Dagesh, indicates doubling (gemination) in any non-guttural letter. וּ Not to be confused with Shuruq text/html 2024-10-27T08:42:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/dalet?rev=1730018545&do=diff hehlettersgimel דּ Dalet Classification: double, radical only Sequence: 4 / Value: 4 Pictograph: The Door, Curtain, Partition; Less often: Fish Also seen as: Daleth, or Daled. Learned: Lesson 6 Name: דָּלֶת‎ / דָלֶת‎ ---------- voiced, alveolar, plosive (with dagesh), fricative (without dagesh) text/html 2024-10-24T07:54:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/definite_article?rev=1729756447&do=diff Definite Article Equivalent to the English word “the” is the Hebrew prefix heh plus pataħ plus dagesh forte in the following letter. text/html 2024-10-25T21:24:36+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/dental?rev=1729891476&do=diff Dental See: placement tet (originally, as /t/) dalet (without dagesh, as /ð/) tav (without dagesh, as /θ/) lamed (sometimes) text/html 2024-10-27T03:39:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/double?rev=1730000380&do=diff Double Letters tav resh peh kaf dalet gimel bet Double Letters /t/ /r/ /p/ /k/ /d/ text/html 2024-10-27T08:51:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/eyin?rev=1730019110&do=diff pehletterssamek ע Eyin Classification: guttural, radical only Sequence: 16 / Value: 70 Pictograph: Eye, Optic Nerve, Pitcher of Water Also seen as: Ayin, Ayn or Ain. Learned: Lesson 5 Name: עַיִן‎ ---------- voiced, pharyngeal, fricative, stop (sometimes) text/html 2024-11-22T03:01:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/formative?rev=1732244493&do=diff Formative Letters א ב ה ו ט כך ל מם נן ש ת Eleven of the letters in the Alef-Bet are considered “formative” because they serve grammatical functions in the language. * alef * bet * heh * vav * yod * kaf * lamed * mem * nun * shin * tav This list is the opposite of the text/html 2024-10-25T19:58:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/fricative?rev=1729886296&do=diff Fricative Letters * bet (without dagesh) * vav (when used as a consonant) * khet * kaf (witohut dagesh) * peh (without dagesh) * zeyin * samek * shin * tav (without dagesh) Similar is tsadi which is an affricate. text/html 2024-10-27T14:52:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/genesis_1?rev=1730040766&do=diff Genesis 1 ---------- Verse 1 בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃ Verse 2 וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ text/html 2024-10-27T08:41:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/gimel?rev=1730018515&do=diff daletlettersbet גּ Gimel Classification: double, radical only Sequence: 3 / Value: 3 Pictograph: The Camel, Camel’s Foot Also seen as: Gimmel. Learned: Lesson 7 Name: גִּימֵל‎ / גִימֵל‎ ---------- voiced, velar, plosive (with dagesh), fricative (without dagesh) text/html 2024-10-25T20:40:17+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/glottal?rev=1729888817&do=diff Glottal See: placement * alef * heh text/html 2024-10-26T10:27:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/gutturals?rev=1729938468&do=diff Guttural Letters א ה ח ע / ר alef, heh, khet, eyin, and sometimes resh See: placement. Introduced in Lesson 5 Learn about Compensatory Lengthening text/html 2024-10-27T08:43:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/heh?rev=1730018585&do=diff vavlettersdalet ה Heh Classification: formative, guttural, matre lectionis Sequence: 5 / Value: 5 Pictograph: “Look!” Person calling out, “Hey!”, or praying. House with Window. Also seen as: He or Hei. Learned: Lesson 3 Name: הֵא‎ ---------- voiceless, glottal, fricative, quiescent, aspirated text/html 2024-10-27T02:04:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/hiriq?rev=1729994693&do=diff Ħiriq ---------- בִ Hiriq (חִירִיק, khee-reeq), is a short I-Class vowel. It is represented by a single dot beneath the letter, and sounds like the “ee” in seed. Just as yod is visually the smallest letter, so ħiriq is the smallest vowel, and it makes the same sound text/html 2024-10-24T07:29:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/inseparable_preposition?rev=1729754946&do=diff Inseparable Prepositions Three of the common prefixes are considered inseparable prepositions, because they must be attached to a word and cannot stand on their own. ּBefore a Shewa Normally ... Insperable Prepositions text/html 2024-10-27T08:48:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/kaf?rev=1730018913&do=diff lamedlettersyod כּךּ Kaf / Khaf Classification: formative, double, includes sofit (final form) Sequence: 11 / Value: 20 Pictograph: Cupped Palm of Hand, Cup, Spoon Also seen as: Kaph, kaf, chaf Learned: Lesson 4 Name: כַּף / כַף‎ ---------- Kaf Sofit / Khaf Sofit Name of Final Form: כַּף סוֹפִית / כַף סוֹפִית‎ text/html 2024-10-27T08:44:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/khet?rev=1730018678&do=diff tetletterszeyin ח Khet Classification: guttural, radical only Sequence: 8 / Value: 8 Pictograph: Wall or Fence. Also seen as: Het, Heth, Chet, Cheth, Ches, or Kheth. Learned: Lesson 5 Name: חֵית‎ ---------- voiceless, pharyngeal or velar (more modernly: uvular), fricative text/html 2024-10-25T20:37:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/labial?rev=1729888670&do=diff Labial See: placement vav (labial-velar approximant, original “w” consonant) mem (nasal) text/html 2024-10-25T21:26:06+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/labiodental?rev=1729891566&do=diff Labiodental See: placement peh (without dagesh, as /f/) bet (without dagesh, as /v/) vav (modern consonant, as /v/) text/html 2024-10-27T08:48:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lamed?rev=1730018938&do=diff memletterskaf ל Lamed Classification: formative Sequence: 12 / Value: 30 Pictograph: Ox Goad, Shepherd's Crook, Whip or Staff. Also seen as: Lamedh. Learned: Lesson 3 Name: לָמֶד‎ Lamed is the only letter which reaches above the supporting line of the text. In other words, it will be taller than all the other letters. text/html 2024-10-25T19:35:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lateral?rev=1729884941&do=diff Lateral See: placement Airflow on one or both sides of the tongue. lamed text/html 2024-10-28T05:20:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_1_flashcards?rev=1730092825&do=diff Lesson 1 Flash Cards Pronounce the name of the letter properly... khaf ... כך the soft form of kaf: it rhymes with “cough”, but it begins with an throaty fricative “h” sound like at the end of loch (lochness) Next Card (might need to click again) text/html 2024-10-28T05:19:46+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_1?rev=1730092786&do=diff LessonsLesson 2 Lesson 1 Overview of the Aleph-Bet In this first Lesson, the goal isn't to memorize the entire Hebrew Alphabet yet, but just to become aware of it, to see how it differs from the Latin Alphabet that we use to write English, and to begin to familiarize yourself with it. text/html 2024-10-28T05:20:39+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_2_flashcards?rev=1730092839&do=diff Lesson 2 Flash Cards What is the Hebrew word for... father ’aV Next Card (might need to click again) Once you feel comfortable with these flash cards, move on to Lesson 3. text/html 2024-10-27T18:45:47+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_2?rev=1730054747&do=diff Lesson 1LessonsLesson 3 Lesson 2 ---------- Review Last lesson we learned that.... * Hebrew is written from Right to Left. * There are 22 letters in the Hebrew Alef-Bet. * Seven of the letters are called double letters because they make either plosive sounds (also called text/html 2024-10-28T02:30:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_3_flashcards?rev=1730082655&do=diff Lesson 3 Flash Cards Give the number of syllables and whether each is open or closed. בּבל Two syllables: Ba•VeL Ba is open (CV) Vel is closed (CVC) Next Card (might need to click again) text/html 2024-10-28T09:55:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_3?rev=1730109310&do=diff Lesson 2LessonsLesson 4 Lesson 3 Review Last lesson we learned.... * Our three first letters: alef, bet, and mem (includings its sofit form) * Our first two words, ’av and ’em, and their more common modern forms (borrowed from Aramaic), ’abba and ’ima. * How the symbolism of mem (water) could represent our physical source and place of origin, and that of bet (house) relating to the house we dwell in for protection as a child, possible reasons these pictographs would have been selected… text/html 2024-10-28T10:02:27+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_4?rev=1730109747&do=diff Lesson 3LessonsLesson 5 Lesson 4 This lesson is still being developed. Check back later! Review Last lesson we learned.... * Four new letters: heh, vav, yod, lamed * Basic rules for syllables: * Each syllable begins with a consonant. * Must include only one vowel. * May be an open syllable (ending in a vowel), or a closed syllable (ending in a consonant.) text/html 2024-10-24T07:38:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_5?rev=1729755504&do=diff Lesson 4LessonsLesson 6 Lesson 5 This lesson is still being developed. Check back later! Review: alef, heh Memorize the following three new letters: khet, eyin, resh Introduce the concept of Gutturals Niqqud text/html 2024-10-24T07:38:42+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_6?rev=1729755522&do=diff Lesson 5LessonsLesson 7 Lesson 6 This lesson is still being developed. Check back later! Memorize these four new letters: dalet, peh, tsadi, qof text/html 2024-10-24T07:38:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_7?rev=1729755538&do=diff Lesson 6LessonsLesson 8 Lesson 7 This lesson is still being developed. Check back later! Memorize the last four new letters: gimel, zeyin, samek, tet text/html 2024-10-24T07:31:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lesson_8?rev=1729755094&do=diff Lesson 7LessonsLesson 9 Lesson 8 This lesson is still being developed. Check back later! niqqud text/html 2024-10-28T21:46:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/lessons?rev=1730152018&do=diff Hebrew Reading Lessons Beginning Biblical Hebrew Lessons by Jeff Day Alphabet and Grammar Lesson 1 - Overview of the Alef-Bet * Lesson 1 Flashcards Lesson 2 - alef, bet, mem + Child's First Words * Lesson 2 Flashcards Lesson 3 - heh, vav, yod, lamed + Syllables and Matres Lectionis * Lesson 3 Flashcards Lesson 4 - kaf, nun, shin, tav + The Other Dagesh text/html 2024-10-22T06:55:29+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/letters?rev=1729580129&do=diff Letters kaf yod tet khet zeyin vav heh dalet gimel bet alef כּךּ י ט ח ז ו ה דּ גּ בּ text/html 2024-10-27T02:30:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/long_a_vowel?rev=1729996241&do=diff Long A Vowel Represented by qamatz. text/html 2024-10-27T08:14:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/long_vowels?rev=1730016845&do=diff Long Vowels Regular Long Vowels E-Type: tsere A-Type: qamatz O-Type: holam haser Unchangeably Long (Full) Vowels I-Type: hiriq yod O-Type: holam vav U-Type: shuruq text/html 2024-10-22T07:46:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/mappiq?rev=1729583190&do=diff Mappiq Any of the Matres Lectionis (alef, heh, vav, or yod) may have a dot inside of them (which looks identical to a dagesh). This is called a Mappiq, and means that the consonant should be fully pronounced. For a vav, this is quite rare and may seem confusing as it will appear as what would normally be a text/html 2024-11-22T03:01:08+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/marker_suffix?rev=1732244468&do=diff Gender and Number Markers Letter Type Function ... Singular masculine singular nouns can end in any letter heh text/html 2024-10-26T10:28:31+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/matres_lectionis?rev=1729938511&do=diff ה א ו י Matres Lectionis (Mothers of Reading) Introduced in Lesson 3 * The letter heh can sometimes be used at the end of a word to show that the previous consonant has a vowel after it, usually a vowel with an “uh, “ah”, or “eh” sound. * The letter text/html 2024-10-27T08:53:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/mem?rev=1730019225&do=diff nunletterslamed מם Mem Classification: formative, includes sofit (final form) Sequence: 13 / Value: 40 Pictograph: Waves of Water. Also seen as: Meem. Learned: Lesson 2 Name: מֵם‎ ---------- Mem Sofit Name of Final Form: מֵם סוֹפִית‎ ---------- mother letter, muted, voiced, labial, nasal text/html 2024-10-26T00:56:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/mother_letters?rev=1729904194&do=diff Mother Letters alef - mother over six of the aspirated variants of the double letters mem - mother over six of the muted variants of the double letters and other stops (eyin, tet, qof) shin - mother over the other sibilant letters (zeyin, samek, tsadi) There are nine letters remaining: רוח אלהים ... נ Two glides/semivowels: text/html 2024-10-25T22:52:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/muted?rev=1729896734&do=diff Muted Letters mem The stopped forms of the double letters: * bet * gimel * dalet * kaf * peh * resh * tav The other stops: * mem - bilabial stop * tet - dental stop * qof - velar stop * alef - glottal stop * eyin - sometimes an epiglottal or pharyngeal stop text/html 2024-10-25T19:29:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/nasal?rev=1729884555&do=diff Nasal Letters mem and nun text/html 2024-10-27T08:12:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/niqqud?rev=1730016740&do=diff Niqqud (Vowel Pointing) Introduced in Lesson 5 I use a memory device like: There's a single dot on an i, eggs in a carton, draw the line, over o, and oo under u. Shortest (or No) Vowel בְ This is called the shewa and when it makes a sound, it is a shewa na text/html 2024-11-22T17:31:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/nouns?rev=1732296718&do=diff Nouns Noun Markers Normal nouns have the following markers to indicate their gender and number: singular plural plural singular gender – -im ◌יִם ◌ masculine -ah -ot text/html 2024-10-27T08:54:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/nun?rev=1730019242&do=diff sameklettersmem נן Nun Classification: formative, includes sofit (final form), assimilation Sequence: 14 / Value: 50 Pictograph: Snake or Fish Pronounced: “noon” Learned: Lesson 4 Name: נוּן‎ ---------- Nun Sofit Name of Final Form: נוּן סוֹפִית‎ ---------- voiced, alveolar, nasal text/html 2024-10-25T19:30:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/palatal?rev=1729884625&do=diff Palatal See: placement yod text/html 2024-10-27T02:05:24+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/patah?rev=1729994724&do=diff Pataħ ---------- בַ Pataħ (פַּתָּח), is a short A-Class vowel. It is represented by a horizontal line beneath the letter, and sounds like the “a” in father. See: niqqud text/html 2024-10-27T14:10:04+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/peh?rev=1730038204&do=diff tsadiletterseyin פּףּ Peh / Feh Classification: double, includes sofit (final form), radical only Sequence: 17 / Value: 80 Pictograph: Mouth Also seen as: Pe / Fe. Learned: Lesson 6 Name of Final Form: פֵּא / פֵא‎‎ ---------- Pe Sofit / Fe Sofit Name: פֵּא סוֹפִית‎ / פֵא סוֹפִית‎ text/html 2024-10-25T19:48:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/pharyngeal?rev=1729885728&do=diff Pharyngeal Letters See: placement khet and eyin text/html 2024-10-25T09:22:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/pictograph?rev=1729848174&do=diff Pictograph This limited set of repurposed hieroglyphs forms the most primitive version of the Alef-Bet, and is often refered to as Proto-Sinaitic, Proto-Semitic, Proto-Caaanite, or Proto-Phoenician. All of these are in reference to the glyphs. (Sometimes they are called pictograms instead of pictographs.) text/html 2024-10-25T22:24:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/placement?rev=1729895070&do=diff Placement Listed with preference to original pronunciation over modern, and categorized by their primary place of articulation, with double letters categorized in their weak aspirated form: Group A — Throat (4) See gutturals glottal (voiceless: ALEF, heh) pharyngeal (voiceless text/html 2024-10-25T19:25:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/plosive?rev=1729884318&do=diff Plosive Letters The following Hebrew letters are plosive: * bet with dagesh * gimel with dagesh * dalet with dagesh * kaf with dagesh * peh with dagesh * tav with dagesh Originally tet was also a plosive, but has become fricative. text/html 2024-10-25T20:31:25+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/postalveolar?rev=1729888285&do=diff Post-Alveolar See: placement shin text/html 2024-10-27T18:28:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/prefixes?rev=1730053737&do=diff Prefixes ּBefore a Shewa Normally ... Insperable Prepositions בִ◌ בְ◌ bet in/on/with/by כִ◌ כְ◌ text/html 2024-10-22T04:30:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/pronomial_suffix?rev=1729571420&do=diff Pronomial Suffixes Suffix Person Gender Number Function Example yod First - Singular “-y” (my) ◌י vav Third Masculine text/html 2024-10-26T09:12:43+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/pronouns?rev=1729933963&do=diff Pronouns Plural English Equivalent Plural Singular English Equivalent Singular Person Gender אֲנַחְנוּ We (Colloquial) a•nákh•nu אָנֹכִי I (Biblical only) text/html 2024-10-27T02:30:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/qamatz_hatuf?rev=1729996241&do=diff Qamatz Ħatuf (Qamatz Qatan) ---------- בָ / בׇ Qamatz ħatuf (קָמָץ חָטוּף) or qamatz qatan (קָמָץ קָטָן), the “little qamatz” is a short O-Class vowel. It usually appears identical to the regular qamatz, being represented by a horizontal line beneath the letter with a teardrop or do underneath it, sometimes merged and represented as a simple text/html 2024-10-27T02:30:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/qamatz?rev=1729996238&do=diff Qamatz ---------- בָ Qamatz (קָמָץ), is a long A-Class vowel. A contextual variant, with the same appearance, called qamatz ħatuf (or qamatz qatan, the little qamatz), is a short O-Class vowel. represented by a horizontal line beneath the letter with a teardrop or do underneath it, sometimes merged and represented as a simple text/html 2024-10-28T05:26:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/qof?rev=1730093165&do=diff reshletterstsadi ק Qof Classification: radical only Sequence: 19 / Value: 100 Pictograph: Nemes, Nape, Back of Neck, Monkey Also seen as: Quf, Qoph, Kuf. Learned: Lesson 6 Name: קוֹף‎ Qof is the only non-final letter with a descender that drops significantly below the baseline. (The letter text/html 2024-10-27T04:07:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/qubbutz?rev=1730002052&do=diff Qubbutz ---------- בֻ Qubbutz (קֻבּוּץ), is a short U-Class vowel. It is represented by a diagonal arrangement of three dots beneath the letter, with the right-most dot being lowest. It makes the sound of “oo” as in hoot. See: niqqud text/html 2024-10-24T07:36:37+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/quiescent?rev=1729755397&do=diff Quiescent Letters A quiescent letter is one that is sometimes silent. In Hebrew, this is really just a way to think about the matres lectionis in order to wrangle them back into conformity with the rest of the syllable and vowel system: The quiescent letter can be identified because it doesn't have a vowel attached to it. It makes no sound in itself, and doesn't count as part of the syllabification process, and can be thought of as being part of the preceding vowel (whether marked or presume… text/html 2024-10-26T10:26:14+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/radical_only?rev=1729938374&do=diff Radical Only Letters ג ד ז ח ט ס ע פף צץ ק ר These eleven letters have no grammatical function in Hebrew, so their presence indicates that they are one of the radicals from the root of a word: * gimel * dalet * zeyin * khet * tet * samek * eyin * text/html 2024-10-27T09:03:49+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/readings?rev=1730019829&do=diff Hebrew Readings Genesis 1 text/html 2024-10-27T08:56:38+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/resh?rev=1730019398&do=diff shinlettersqof רּ Resh Classification: double, guttural, radical only Sequence: 20 / Value: 200 Pictograph: Top of Head Pronounced: raysh Learned: Lesson 5 Name: רֵישׁ‎ <https://www.tiberianhebrew.com/resh> ---------- voiced, liquid, alveolar, trill, uvular (modern), fricative (modern) text/html 2024-10-27T08:51:11+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/samek?rev=1730019071&do=diff eyinlettersnun ס Samek Classification: radical only Sequence: 15 / Value: 60 Pictograph: Tether, Snare, or Prop Also seen as: Samech, Samekh. Learned: Lesson 7 Name: סָמֶךְ‎ ---------- voiceless, alveolar, fricative, sibilant text/html 2024-10-27T02:04:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/segol?rev=1729994684&do=diff Segol ---------- בֶ Segol (סְגוֹל‎), meaning “cluster”, is a short E-Class vowel. It looks like three dots arranged like a grape bunch and sounds like the “e” in red. See: niqqud text/html 2024-10-25T19:14:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/semi-vowel?rev=1729883675&do=diff Semivowel See: approximant text/html 2024-10-25T09:16:56+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/sequence?rev=1729847816&do=diff Sequence In the Alef-Bet entries, sequence describes how many letters into the typical order of the Aleph-Bet this letter will be found. Alef is 1, and Tav is 22. text/html 2024-10-27T09:01:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/shin?rev=1730019715&do=diff tavlettersresh שׁשֹ Shin / Sin Classification: formative Sequence: 21 / Value: 300 Pictograph: Front Teeth, Hunting Bow, Flames, Breasts Variant: With a dot over the right it is “shin”, and over the left it is “sin.” Learned: Lesson 4 Name: שִׁין‎ / שִׂין‎ ---------- text/html 2024-10-27T02:30:41+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/short_a_vowel?rev=1729996241&do=diff Short A Vowel Represented by Patakh. Compensatory lengthening can change this into a Long A Vowel (qamatz). text/html 2024-10-27T08:03:30+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/short_vowels?rev=1730016210&do=diff Short Vowels I-Type: hiriq E-Type segol A-Type: patah O-Type: qamatz hatuf U-Type: qubbutz Compare: long vowels text/html 2024-10-27T08:07:51+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/shuruq?rev=1730016471&do=diff וּ Shuruq The shuruq is a vav with a dot inside of it שׁוּרוּק. While visually identical to a dagesh, this dot actually marks this vav as a matre lectionis which is functioning as a long U-Type vowel. Shuruq makes the “oo” sound as in the word hoot. text/html 2024-10-25T22:35:44+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/sibilant?rev=1729895744&do=diff Sibilant Letters zeyin, samek, tsadi, and their “mother letter”, shin text/html 2024-11-22T03:05:10+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/sidebar?rev=1732244710&do=diff ---------- Lessons Readings ---------- Alef-Bet ו ה ד ג ב א כ י ט ח ז פ ע ס נ מ ל ת ש ר ק צ sofit (final forms) dagesh | niqqud ---------- Concepts double letters syllables matres lectionis guttural letters formative letters radical only letters prefixes pronouns pronomial suffixes adjectives verb conjugation nouns ---------- Technical Details… text/html 2024-10-26T10:31:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/sofit?rev=1729938679&do=diff כמנפצ ךםןףץ Sofit (Final Form) Letters When used as numerals, these may take on the following values: kaf sofit 500 ך mem sofit 600 ם nun sofit 700 ן peh sofit 800 ף tsadi sofit 900 ץ text/html 2024-10-24T22:41:48+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/start?rev=1729809708&do=diff Welcome to the Reading Hebrew Wiki If you're new here, welcome! You may want to start with Lesson 1 ← * Alef * Bet * Gimel * Dalet * Heh * Vav * Zeyin * Khet * Tet * Yod * Kaf * Kaf * lamed * Mem * Mem * Nun * Nun * samek * Eyin * Peh * Peh * Tsadi * Tsadi * Qof * Resh * Shin * Tav text/html 2024-10-25T23:10:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/stop?rev=1729897850&do=diff Stop (articulation) Six of the double letters: * bet * gimel * dalet * kaf * peh * tav Three more stops: * tet (dental stop) * alef (glottal stop) * eyin (sometimes an epiglottal or pharyngeal stop) text/html 2024-10-24T05:58:34+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/syllables?rev=1729749514&do=diff Syllables Introduced in Lesson 3 * Every Hebrew syllable begins with a consonant (C) * Every syllable includes a vowel (V) * A syllable MAY end with an additional consonant: * If it ends with a vowel, it is called an “open syllable” (CV) * If it ends with a consonant, it is called a text/html 2024-10-27T08:57:55+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/tav?rev=1730019475&do=diff lettersshin תּ Tav / Thav Classification: formative, double Sequence: 22 / Value: 50 Pictograph: Mark, Sign, or Cross Also seen as: Taw, Taf, or Tau. Learned: Lesson 4 Name: תָּו‎ / תָו ---------- voiceless, alveolar (witih dagesh), plosive (with dagesh), dental (without dagesh), fricative (without dagesh) text/html 2024-10-27T08:44:58+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/tet?rev=1730018698&do=diff yodletterskhet ט Tet Classification: radical only Sequence: 9 / Value: 9 Pictograph: Basket Also seen as: Teth, Tes. Learned: Lesson 7 Name: טֵית‎ ---------- aspirated, voiceless, dental (originally), stop (originally), fricative (modern), alveolar, pharyngealized text/html 2024-10-26T07:32:52+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/transliteration?rev=1729927972&do=diff Transliteration This is not a great page to start on. Come here if you want technical information about the methods used to transcribe Hebrew letters into Latin letters throughout this wiki, but if you're still learning the basics, the consonants and vowels are taught elsewhere on this site in a much more accessible fashion. text/html 2024-10-27T08:55:50+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/tsadi?rev=1730019350&do=diff qofletterspeh צץ Tsadi Classification: radical only, includes sofit (final form) Sequence: 18 / Value: 90 Pictograph: Fish Hook, Plant Also seen as: Tzadi, Tsaddi, Tzaddi, Tsaddiq Learned: Lesson 6 Name: צָדִי‎ ---------- Tsadi Sofit Name of Final Form: צָדִי סוֹפִית‎ ---------- text/html 2024-10-27T02:05:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/tsere?rev=1729994705&do=diff Tsere ---------- בֵ Tsere (צֵירֵי, tsey-rey), is a long E-Class vowel. It is represented by a two side-by-side dots beneath the letter, and sounds like the “a” in lay. When the tsere+yod combination occurs, the tsere takes on the responsibility of making the vowel sound and the text/html 2024-10-25T21:19:23+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/uvular?rev=1729891163&do=diff Uvular See: placement qof khet (modern) resh (modern) text/html 2024-10-25T09:19:01+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/value?rev=1729847941&do=diff Value In the Alef-Bet entries, “Value” is the numeric value of the letter. Anciently, Hebrew didn't have the modern numerals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. So, the Aleph-Bet served double duty also representing numbers. The letters Alef through Tet are 1 through 9. Yod through Qof are 10 through 90. Resh through Tav are 100 through 400. Sometimes, the five final forms ( text/html 2024-10-27T08:43:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/vav?rev=1730018615&do=diff zeyinlettersheh ו Vav Classification: formative, matre lectionis Sequence: 6 / Value: 6 Pictograph: Tent Peg, Stake, Pin Also seen as: Waw or Vau. Learned: Lesson 3 Name: וָו‎ ---------- Vowel Forms of Vav See Shuruq and Holam Vav. ---------- voiced, labial-velar, approximant, semi-vowel, quiescent text/html 2024-10-25T21:20:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/velar?rev=1729891215&do=diff Velar See: placement kaf gimel vav as /w/ or /u/ (labial-velar approximant) khet (but more pharyngeal) text/html 2024-10-27T02:30:54+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/verb_conjugation?rev=1729996254&do=diff Verb Conjugation Imperfect Verbs m = masculine, f = feminine x = mixed gender (group), c = common gender Prefixes person gender number form sound example construction 3m text/html 2024-10-25T18:05:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/voiced?rev=1729879535&do=diff Voiced Letters Hebrew has eleven voiced letters: * bet * gimel * dalet * vav * zeyin * yod * lamed * mem * nun * eyin * resh This is the opposite of the list of voiceless letters. text/html 2024-10-25T18:05:18+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/voiceless?rev=1729879518&do=diff Voiceless Letters The following eleven letters are voiceless: * alef * heh * khet * tet * kaf * peh * samek * tsadi * qof * shin * tav This is the opposite of the list of voiced letters. text/html 2024-10-27T08:45:32+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/yod?rev=1730018732&do=diff kafletterstet י Yod Classification: formative, matre lectionis Sequence: 10 / Value: 10 Pictograph: Hand or Arm Also seen as: Yud, Jot, Jod, Jodh Learned: Lesson 3 Name: יוֹד‎ ---------- voiced (as a consonant), palatal, approximant, semi-vowel, quiescent text/html 2024-10-27T08:44:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://zebby.org/hebrew/zeyin?rev=1730018643&do=diff khetlettersvav ז Zeyin Classification: radical only Sequence: 7 / Value: 7 Pictograph: Weapon, Sword, Plow or Tool. Also seen as: Zain, Zayin, Zayn, or Zay. Learned: Lesson 7 Name: זַיִן‎ Demonstrative pronouns: * Zeh (זֶה), meaning “this” (masculine form) * Zot (זֹאת), meaning