This is not a great page to start on. Come here if you want technical information about the methods used to transcribe Hebrew letters into Latin letters throughout this wiki, but if you're still learning the basics, the consonants and vowels are taught elsewhere on this site in a much more accessible fashion.
| וּ | בֻ | בֹ | בָ | בֳ | בְ (nakh) | בְ (na) | בֲ | בַ | בָ | בֱ | בֶ | בֵ | בִ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| u oo | u oo | o | o | au- | • ' | ' a- ǝ ᵉ | ' a- ǝ ᵉ | a | a au | e- | e | ei | i ee |
Note: There is no such thing as upper or lowercase in Hebrew, but options are given here so the transliterated text may employ this feature to mark proper names, or to distinguish or emphasize words.
| ל | כּךּ | י | ט | ח | ז | ו | ה | דּ | גּ | בּ | א | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | K | Y | Ŧ @ | Kh Ḥ | Z | V W | H | D | G | B | A ’ ' | upper |
| l | k | y | ŧ | kh ḥ | z | v w | -h | d | g | b | –– | lower |
| תּ | שֹ | שׁ | ר | ק | צץ | פּףּ | ע | ס | נן | מם | ||
| T Th | S | Sh | R | Q | Tz Ts Ç | P F | E ‘ ` | Ṣ $ | N | M | upper | |
| t th | s | sh | r | q | tz ts ç | p f | –– | ṣ | n | m | lower |
| כך | כּךּ | י | ט | ח | ז | ו | ה | ד | דּ | ג | גּ | ב | בּ | א | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kh X Ḥ | K | Y | Ŧ @ | Ħ Ḥ | Z | V W | H | Dh Ð | D | Gh | G | v | B | A ’ ' | up |
| kh x ḥ | k | y | ŧ | ħ ḥ | z | v w | -h | dh ð | d | gh | g | V | b | — | low |
| == | kk | yy | ŧŧ # | –– | zz | vv ww | –– | == | dd | == | gg | == | bb | –– | dbl |
| תּ | תּ | שֹ | שׁ | ר | רּ | ק | צץ | פף | פּףּ | ע | ס | נן | מם | ל | |
| Th Þ | T | S | Sh | R | R` | Q | Tz Ç | F | P | E ‘ ` | Ṣ $ | N | M | L | up |
| th þ | t | s | sh | r | r` | q | tz ç | f | p | — | ṣ | n | m | l | low |
| == | tt | ss | shsh | rr | rr` | tztz çç | == | pp | –– | ṣṣ | nn | mm | ll | dbl |
Refer to: https://www.ipachart.com/
| vowels | write as | sound with Vet | ipa | sound | name | class | type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בְ | •/- | — | stop at end of closed syllable | silent shewa / shewa nakh | not a vowel | — | |
| בִ | i / ee | Vee | /i/ | e as in lemur | hiriq | short | i |
| בֵ | ei | Vey | /e/ | a as in lay | tsere | long | e |
| בֶ | e | Veh | /ɛ/ | e as in bed | sehgol | short | e |
| בֱ | e- | Veh' | /ə/ | e as in metallic | hataf seghol | reduced | e |
| בָ | au / a | Vau / Va | /ɵ/ | o as in commit | qamatz | long | a |
| בַ | a | Vaw | /ɐ/ or /ɜ/ | a as in father | pataħ | short | a |
| בֲ | a- ᵉ ' | Vuh' (shortest) | /ə/ | u as in upon | ħataf pataħ | reduced | a |
| בְ | a- ᵉ ' | Vuh' (shortest) | /ə/ | u as in upon | vocal shewa | short | |
| בֳ | au- | Vaw' (short) | /ɐ/ | au as in bauble | ħataf qamatz | reduced | o |
| בָ | o | Voh | /o/ | o as in token | qamatz ħatuf | short | o |
| בֹ / וֹ | o | Voh | /o/ | o as in token | holam / holam vav | long | o |
| בֻ | u / oo | Voo | /u/ | oo as in hoot | qubbutz | short | u |
| וּ | u / oo | Voo | /u/ | oo as in hoot | shuruq | long | u |
Refer to: https://www.ipachart.com/
| consonants | write / altern. (upper lower) | write doubled | simple (sound only) | IPA Chart | sound note | others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| א | A a / ’ | — | — | /ʔ/ | glottal stop | E |
| בּ | B b | bb | b | /b/ | voiced labial plosive | |
| ב | v V / Bh bh | == | v | /v/ | voiced labiodental fricative | |
| גּ | G g | gg | g | /g/ | voiced velar plosive | |
| ג | Gh gh | == | g | /g/ /ɹ/ or /ʒ/ | anciently: rhotic r or voiced post-alveolar fricative (as in leige) | |
| דּ | D d | dd | d | /d/ | voiced alveolar plosive | |
| ד | Dh dh / Ð ð | == | d / th | /ð/ | voiced dental fricative | |
| ה | H / -h | — | h | /h/ | voiceless glottal fricative | |
| ו | V v / W w | vv / ww | v | /v/ | voiced labiodental fricative | |
| ז | Z z | zz | z | /z/ | voiced alveolar fricative | |
| ח | Ħ ħ / Ḥ ḥ | — | ḥ / kh | /ħ/ | pharyngeal fricative, “hot breath” | ch |
| ט | Ŧ ŧ / @ | ŧŧ # | t | -/t/ | voiced dental plosive | |
| י | Y y | yy | y | /j/ | palatal approximate | |
| כּךּ | K k | kk | k | /k/ | voiceless velar plosive | |
| כך | Kh kh / X x / Ḥ ḥ | == | k / kh | /χ/ | voiceless uvular fricative | |
| ל | L l | ll | l | /ɭ/ | retroflex lateral approximate | |
| מם | M m | mm | m | /m/ | voiced bilabial nasal | |
| נן | N n | nn | n | /n/ | voiced alveolar nasal | |
| ס | Ṣ ṣ / $ | ṣṣ / $$ | s | /s/ | voiceless alveolar fricative | |
| ע | E / ‘ | — | e / ' | /ʔ/ or /ʕ/ | glottal stop, back | O |
| פּףּ | P p | pp | p | /p/ | voiceless bilabial plosive | |
| פף | Ph ph / F f | == | f / ph | /f/ | voiceless labial fricative | |
| צץ | Tz tz / Ç ç | tztz / çç | ts | /t͡s/ | voiceless alveolar affricate | |
| ק | Q q | q / k | +/k/ | voiceless pharyngeal plosive | K | |
| ר | R r | rr | r | /r/ or /ɾ/ | trilled/tapped r | |
| שׁ | Sh sh | shsh | sh | /ʃ/ | voiceless post-alveolar sibalant | |
| ֹש | S s | ss | s | /s/ | voiceless alveolar sibilant | |
| תּ | T t | tt | t | /t/ | voiceless dental plosive | |
| ת | Th / þ | == | t / th / s | /θ/ or /s/ | voiceless dental fricative |