In this first Lesson, the goal isn't to memorize the entire Hebrew Alphabet yet, but just to become aware of it, to see how it differs from the Latin Alphabet that we use to write English, and to begin to familiarize yourself with it.
To “transliterate” is to use the letters from one Alphabet to represent the sounds from another.
You might have noticed that I use the terms Alphabet, Alef-Bet, and Aleph-Bet interchangeably. That's because when you transliterate from Hebrew into English, you have to decide how to represent the sounds. Don't worry too much about that yet, as there are several ways to transliterate, and none of them are inherently right or wrong, but I will begin to standardize this as these lessons continue. Being consistent while learning can be helpful, but being aware of the differences out there can also be important so you don't feel lost if you look at material from another soure.
Hebrew is written from right to left, which might seem backwards if you're used to writing English.
There are only 22 letters.
A plosive sound or a stop is made when a burst of air occurs after the passage of air has been briefly interrupted or stopped (blocked by the tongue, for instance.)
A fricative is a sound made by the friction of air passing through a narrow opening formed by constricting or bringing together two points of articulation, such as the teeth, tongue, palate, or throat,
Six or seven of them can carry a dot in their center which is called a “dagesh.” This gives them a harder plosive sound, compared to the softer fricative sound they make without the dagesh. These are called Double Letters.
Five of the letters also have an alternate final form (usually a swoopy, dangling form) that happens only when they are at the end of a word! This is kind of like how some people will flourish the last letter of their name in a signature. They are called sofit (ending), for example, mem sofit is final-mem.
There are many styles of writing. There is something very similar to a sans-serif typeface, which is what you would see on road signs in Israel (or what you are seeing in the image below this paragraph.) There is also formal “book print”, which is what you typically find in a formal book before, such as a Bible or Prayer Book, and there are even ornate, calligraphic “crowned” letters that are used when traditional trained scribes copy a Torah scroll entirely by hand. There are also “cursive” handwritten writing styles, and ancient pictographic versions of the letters from before the current form of the alphabet was adopted. We will be looking at a few different forms during these Lessons, but when you “write” it out on paper, I recommend you keep it simple, like the version shown in the image below, or in the handwriting guide on the start page.
Start in the upper right, and say the name of each letter as you look at the chart.
There are different ways people pronounce the letters, but I will try to offer some guidance here (below) so you can know how I will be pronouncing them in this class. I've also made a video where you can hear me pronounce them, where I've also included some additional information. Here's the video link:
That's the end of the material for Alphabet Lesson 1. If you want to, read through the list again to become more familiar with how the names are pronounced, but, again, don't worry about memorizing any of it yet. We will be memorizing specific small sets of letters in the upcoming lessons, as we begin to learn how to use them.
Practice what you've learned with the Lesson 1 Flashcards before you proceed to the next Lesson.